African art heritage: Repatriation strategies, its challenges, impact on cultural preservation and best practices
This study examines the diverse repatriation strategies being employed to address the complex challenges surrounding the return of African artworks.
Category: Oncology | Year: 2024
Author: John Okoro
INTRODUCTION
In the age of digital transformation, education is changing, as is the way individuals learn and interact with educational establishments. Also, with the advancement of social life, the demand for bettering human knowledge has risen dramatically. From bachelor’s to doctoral students to lifelong learners, more and more individuals nowadays are using online tools to learn and improve their skills (Rustemi et al., 2023). Nevertheless, as a result of a lack of community trust, the value of many certificates obtained both online and onsite is diminishing over time (Alam, 2021). This is primarily because these certificates are easily forgeable. 2x2
According to a recent Forbes study, the degree mill industry is estimated to generate $7 billion a year worldwide in fraudulent diplomas and transcripts (Whitford & Novack, 2023). Consequently, in order to avoid having a further negative impact on society, this problem must be prevented. Traditionally, the certification authority verifies diplomas or certificates because it is difficult to distinguish between genuine and fake certificates without specialized tools and knowledge that the certificate issuer can only provide.
The incident of fraud and forgery of a degree certificate has increased with the advance technologies which are easily available at cheaper costs such as printing and copying the document which poses a threat to the integrity of both the certificate holder and the educational institution that has awarded the certificate. The manual verification of these documents is a tedious task because it involves multiple level of human interaction and it also a time consuming task which imposes an extra burden to the university or colleges because they have to verify all the students who have passed from their college.
JOH
A certificate is a statement or a document that is issued to a student or a person after the completion of a specific education either formal or informal (Singhal and Pavithr, 2015). Certificate verification is a system of application that is used by a school administration to make and manage certificates for students in a computerized manner where the certificates can be created, printed and verified.